Depreciation
Most business assets lose value over time. This loss is called depreciation. Businesses can claim depreciation loss on certain assets as a deduction each tax year.
This overview lists relevant items of public guidance on depreciation, organised by subject:
- Depreciation determinations
- General principles
- Residential rental property chattels
- Buildings
- Other assets
- Estimated useful life
- Change of use event where a business becomes a charity
Further information about depreciation is available on our main site, including a link to Inland Revenue’s guide IR260: Depreciation – a guide for business. Further information is available on our Depreciation rate finder and calculator page.
The Commissioner issues different types of public guidance to cater for different customer needs. The different types of items are explained on About our publications.
Depreciation determinations
The Commissioner has the power under ss 91AAF, 91AAG and 91AAL of the Tax Administration Act 1994, to issue a determination setting a special depreciation method or rate for an item of depreciable property. These can be found at Depreciation determinations on this site.
General principles
Title | Summary | Date issued |
---|---|---|
Identifying the relevant item of property IS 25/03 and fact sheet |
This IS provides guidance on how to identify the relevant item of property when applying the depreciation rules. |
22 Jan 2025 |
Depreciation loss on asset no longer used TDS 24/23 |
This TDS considered whether the taxpayer had a depreciation loss when an asset could no longer be used. |
5 Dec 2024 |
Changing to a different depreciation rate QB 15/03 |
This QWBA explains when a taxpayer is required to change the depreciation rate they are using for an item of depreciable property. | 2015 |
Depreciation roll-over relief for Canterbury QB 14/04 |
This QWBA provides guidance on the depreciation roll-over relief provisions resulting from the Canterbury earthquakes and on calculating depreciation recovery income. | 2014 |
QB 12/10 |
This QWBA considers whether historic depreciation rates continue to apply to grandparented structures acquired before 1 April 2005. “Grandparented structures” are items that have been treated as structures in the past but now come within the meaning of “buildings”. |
2012 |
Transfer of depreciable property between associated persons – s EE 33 of the Income Tax Act 2004 SPS 07/05 |
This SPS sets out factors considered by the Commissioner regarding depreciation and the transfer of depreciable property between associated persons. |
14 Sept 2007 |
Effect of repeal of Income Tax Act 1994 on depreciation determinations issued before repeal QB Apr 2006 |
This QWBA clarifies that depreciation determinations made under the Income Tax Act 1994 continue to apply following its repeal. |
2006 |
IS3175 |
This IS considers whether assets still under construction constitute "depreciable property", and if so how the allowable deduction for depreciation is to be determined. |
1 Sep 2000 |
Residential rental property chattels
Title | Summary | Date issued |
---|---|---|
QB 20/01 |
This QWBA discusses the treatment of expenditure incurred by owners of residential rental properties to meet Healthy Homes standards. |
17 Jun 2020 |
Residential Rental Property Chattels DEP80 |
This determination provides a list of assets for the 'Residential Rental Property Chattels' industry category. |
10 Nov 2011 |
Depreciation of items of depreciable property IS 10/01 |
This IS sets out a three-step test to determine whether an item in a residential rental property can be depreciated separately or whether it is properly depreciated as part of the building. | 1 Mar 2010 |
Buildings
From 1 April 2024, the depreciation rate for commercial buildings was reduced to 0%.
Title | Summary | Date issued |
---|---|---|
Claiming depreciation on buildings IS 22/04 and fact sheet |
This IS provides guidance on when building owners can claim depreciation on buildings. It considers the meaning of “building” and the distinction between residential and non-residential buildings. |
20 Jul 2022 |
Elections not to depreciate commercial buildings QB 21/11 |
This QWBA sets out the position for taxpayers making an election to not depreciate their commercial building. |
16 Dec 2021 |
The application date for the depreciation of commercial buildings QB 21/05 |
This QWBA clarifies when the new rules providing for the depreciation of commercial buildings apply from. |
22 Jun 2021 |
Depreciation treatment for ‘Buildings with prefabricated stressed-skin insulation panels’ QB 17/01 |
This QWBA provides guidance on which buildings come within the asset class “Buildings with prefabricated stressed-skin insulation panels” in the “Buildings and Structures “asset category of the Table of Depreciation Rates. |
30 Mar 2017 |
Costs of demolishing an existing building on a building site QB 14/08 |
This QWBA confirms that the costs of demolishing an existing building are not part of the cost of a new building and are not deductible as they are of a capital nature. Instead, the costs are considered under the depreciation rules in determining the consideration received from the disposal of the demolished building. |
2014 |
Depreciation of commercial fit-out QB 13/01 |
This QWBA explains whether a taxpayer can re-characterise a part of a commercial building into components of commercial fit-out to claim depreciation on those items when they had not been identified as separate depreciable property at the time the taxpayer acquired the property. |
2013 |
Other assets
Title | Summary | Date issued |
---|---|---|
Treatment of costs of resource consents IS 18/06 |
This IS addresses the various ways that the cost of a resource consent can be deducted or depreciated. | 5 Nov 2018 |
Treatment of New Zealand patents IS 17/05 |
This IS considers the income tax treatment of New Zealand patent applications, New Zealand patents and New Zealand patent rights. It specifically considers the depreciation treatment of these assets. |
7 Jun 2017 |
Computer software acquired for use in a taxpayer’s business IS 17/04 |
This IS considers the income tax treatment of software for taxpayers who purchase, lease, licence, develop, or commission software for use in their business. It specifically considers the depreciation treatment of these assets. | 11 Apr 2017 |
Deductibility of farmhouse expenses IS 17/02 |
This IS considers the deductibility of expenditure relating to a farmhouse that forms part of a farming business. | 23 Mar 2017 |
Treatment of quad bikes for depreciation purposes QB 12/02 |
The QWBA considers how quad bikes are treated for depreciation purposes. | 2012 |
Tax treatment of allowances paid to chainsaw operators QB 15/08 |
This QWBA considers whether a chainsaw reimbursing allowance can be paid tax-free. As part of this item, it also considers whether an amount for depreciation can be paid as part of a chainsaw reimbursing allowance. | 2015 |
Deductibility of business relocation costs IS 10/06 |
This IS considers the deductibility of business relocation costs incurred when an existing business relocates from one location to another location within New Zealand. | 20 Aug 2010 |
Tax Treatment of wooden scaffolding planks QB (2006) |
This QWBA clarifies the income tax treatment of wooden planks used as working platforms on metal-framed scaffolding. | 2006 |
QB 2003 |
This QWBA considers fishing nets and how to account for allowable deductions when fishing nets become unusable. It also considers the depreciation treatment of fishing lines. | 2003 |
Estimated useful life
Title | Summary | |
---|---|---|
Meaning of “obsolescence” in the definition of “estimated useful life” IS 11/01 |
This IS explains the meaning of the term “obsolescence” in the definition of “estimated useful life” in the depreciation rules. |
27 May 2011 |
Estimated useful life and lease terms IS 10/05 |
This IS addresses whether a lease term is a relevant factor in determining an items estimated useful life for the purposes of setting a special depreciation rate. |
16 Aug 2010 |
Property previously used otherwise than for deriving income or carrying on a business in New Zealand IS3394 |
This IS considers how the definition of “estimated useful life” is applied in setting a special depreciation rate where a taxpayer has depreciable property which was previously used for a purpose other than deriving gross income or carrying on a business in New Zealand. |
1 Jan 1998 |
Change of use event where a business becomes a charity
Title | Summary | |
---|---|---|
QB 19/02 |
This QWBA considers whether a change of use of depreciable property occurs where a business becomes a charity and derives exempt income. |
2 Apr 2019 |